Showing results by author "Hourly History" in All Categories

Alexander Hamilton did not rise to public prominence as an austere New Englander or a gentlemanly Virginian. He was not born in the colonies at all. He was born in the West Indies, the son of a woman of French descent who had left her husband for another man. As an illegitimate child, Hamilton could not be educated in the local church school, so businessmen, impressed by his remarkable intelligence, sent him to America for his schooling.

Thomas Jefferson left his imprint on his state of Virginia; his young country, the United States; France, where he served as ambassador; and the world, where his opposition to tyranny and his advocacy of freedom have inspired generations to believe that the pursuit of happiness, as he wrote in his Declaration of Independence, is an unalienable right.

Before Woodrow Wilson was president of the United States, he was the president of Princeton University and the only occupant of the White House to hold a PhD. But before he became a university professor, he was a 12-year old boy who didn't know how to read.

The Comanche were once the most dominant Native American tribe in the Great Plains of North America. From their homelands on the prairies, they ranged across the American West and South into Mexico. They were also one of the most feared of all Native American people, fighting virtually every other Native American tribe they had contact with and waging successful guerilla wars against invaders from Spain, Mexico, and the Eastern United States.

Whether advocating for the peaceful use of nuclear energy or mentoring the next generation of scientists, Bohr’s influence extended far beyond his laboratory. Here in this book, we explore both his life and his life’s work in full.

As the daughter of a decorated general in the Imperial Russian army, Alexandra Kollontai was a member of the elite from birth. From that comfortable perch, she might easily have lived out her days in the drawing rooms and social circles of St. Petersburg's upper classes. Instead, she devoted her life to tearing that world apart.

Discover the remarkable life of James A. Garfield... James A. Garfield was the 20th President of the United States. He held that title for only a few brief months before falling victim to an assassin’s bullet. Like Abraham Lincoln before him, Garfield was cut down by a gunman before his vision could be realized. Yet while Lincoln is immortalized, Garfield has been all but forgotten, a fate as unfair as the one that ended his life. In his short life, Garfield established himself as a well-known figure in American politics.

Discover the remarkable life of Empress Dowager Cixi... Empress Dowager Cixi, who first rose to prominence as a royal consort, connived and schemed her way to the very pinnacle of power in China. From the shadows of the Forbidden City's inner chambers, she emerged as the empire's de facto ruler, wielding authority few women in history had ever possessed. She ruthlessly crushed her opponents and at times subjected even close family members to abject cruelty all in pursuit of power. Yet outside forces and internal turmoil proved too much for even her guile and cunning to overcome.

Discover the remarkable history of the Battle of the Little Bighorn.... The Battle of the Little Bighorn and the massacre of Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer and five companies of the U. S. 7th Cavalry in June 1876 is one of the best-remembered events of the turbulent period known as the Wild West. This defeat came as a stunning shock to most Americans. Before Custer’s Last Stand, there was a general assumption that in any full-scale battle between Native Americans and the U.S. Army, the army would prevail.

Compared to other more long-lived political figures, Robert F. Kennedy’s career was brief. He first emerged on the national stage as attorney general under his brother, President John F. Kennedy. In this role, he became a vigorous advocate for civil rights and cracked down on organized crime by going after mob bosses and high-profile Mafia families. Following his brother’s assassination in 1963, RFK transitioned to a role in the Senate, representing New York.

Thanks to a certain novel and movie franchise, the Jurassic Period has been indelibly cemented in the public imagination as the time of dinosaurs. That was certainly true: the Jurassic Period saw reptiles such as the long-necked Brachiosaurus, the armored Stegosaurus, and the fearsome Allosaurus become the dominant living creatures on planet Earth, a position they maintained for more than 150 million years. However, many of the movie dinosaurs that decorated millions of lunchboxes and backpacks were not from the Jurassic Period at all, but from the following Cretaceous Period.

Irena Sendler is one of the often-unsung heroes of the Holocaust. Nevertheless, she deserves credit for her humanitarian efforts. Time and time again, she put her own safety at risk to save others. Her efforts were especially crucial as it pertained to saving the children who fell victim to the horrors of the Holocaust. As a Catholic Pole, Irena Sendler could have rather easily looked the other way and told herself that it was none of her business what was happening around her. But her conscience wouldn’t let her ignore the pleas of all those innocent voices who so desperately needed her aid.

The First Intifada was an uprising in the Gaza Strip and West Bank that began in 1987 and ended in 1993. There are two quite different and contradictory historical perspectives on this conflict. Palestinians generally viewed the uprising as a popular resistance movement against military occupation and policies they experienced as oppressive. From the Israeli side, however, the actions taken were seen as a reasonable and legitimate response to protect citizens and soldiers from violence and to maintain order in territory under their control.

In historical surveys, Andrew Johnson has been consistently ranked as one of the worst presidents for well over 150 years. But despite his bad reputation, there is much more to the life of Andrew Johnson than these rankings suggest. Andrew Johnson was a man who had long walked a political tightrope. He was a Southern Democrat who opposed the Democrat-dominated Southern states when they seceded from the Union—in fact, he was the only Southern senator to remain loyal to the United States.

Discover the remarkable life of Rutherford B. Hayes... Rutherford B. Hayes may not be the most famous president in US history, but his time in office was quite consequential all the same. He entered the White House under a cloud of controversy in one of the most contested elections the country had ever seen, yet he refused to let scandal define his presidency. Against all odds, he persevered. As the 19th president, Hayes proved himself a reformer and a man of principle.

Abigail Adams was just as much a founding mother as her husband John Adams was a founding father. Like him, she was there from the very beginning when the first foundations of the United States were laid. While John debated independence in Philadelphia, Abigail penned letters that would become some of the American Revolution's most important historical documents.

Betty Ford was the First Lady of President Gerald Ford. Many biographies seem to focus on just that one aspect of her life, but as consequential as her time in the White House was, she was more than that. Since her earliest days as a little girl in Michigan, Betty Ford lived a life that was full of learning, full of adventure, and full of service. She was a dancer who graced stages in New York City. She was a woman who rebuilt her life after a difficult first marriage.

In the 1950s, the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) secretly planned, supported, and funded two coups: one in Guatemala and one in Iran. This was the height of the Cold War, and both deposed governments were suspected of leaning to the left and favoring closer ties with the Soviet Union, while the regimes that replaced them were more inclined to look favorably on the United States.

Chechnya’s modern history is marked by its fluctuating ties with the Russian Empire and, later, the Soviet Union. A notable dark chapter was in 1944 when Joseph Stalin ordered the mass deportation of Chechnya’s entire population. Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, tensions between ethnic Russians and Chechens escalated into two full-blown wars. The first, in 1994, saw Russian forces invade Chechnya.

Almost half a millennium later, in 224 CE, a new Persian dynasty, the House of Sasan, challenged the waning power of the Parthian Empire, restoring the Persians to dominance. Emperors in the ancient world lived an exalted but often precarious existence, and this was true for the monarchs, or shahs, as they were known, of the Sasanian Empire. Some of the Sasanian shahs were mighty leaders, adept in battle and in governance, but that was no protection against the threat of assassination.